| around 1250 | Scharfenstein Castle is built by corvee labourers of the Lords of Waldenburg at Wolkenstein in order to protect the roads. |
| 1349/50 | "Scharffenstein" is first mentioned in the feudal tenure book of Frederick III, the Strict (1349-1381). |
| 1386 | Anarg von Waldenburg passes Scharfenstein Castle on to his widow as dowagers estate. |
| 1437 | Heinrich von Waldenburg pledges the castle for 1500 Rhenish guilder to Wolf von Wolfersleben. |
| 10/05/1439 | Heinrich von Waldenburg and his son pledge the castle for 9240 Rhenish guilder to the Master of Mint Liborius Senftleben from Freiberg, his brother Konrad and his business partner Stephan Glasberg subject to a repurchase right of 6 years. |
| 1445 | Since the Lords of Waldenburg have not redeemed the pledge, the Scharfenstein territory is assigned to the House of Wettin in 1445! |
| 28/07/1445 | It becomes Electoral property but it is not known how long it remained an Electoral district. |
| 1456 | Elector Frederick II (1428-1464) buys Scharfenstein district from Arag von Waldenburg. |
| around 1470 | Scharfenstein district is dissolved. |
| 1472 | Heinrich von Schönberg as Officer of Schellenberg (Augustusburg) takes over the Scharfenstein territory. |
| 1482 | Heinrich von Starschädel, Mining Officer of Schneeberg sold the castle to Heinrich von Einsiedel on 26 January 1492! |
| 26.01.1492 | Heinrich von Einsiedel buys Scharfenstein Castle and the villages of Grießbach, Grünau, Großolbersdorf, Hohndorf, Hopfgarten and Scharfenstein. |
| after 1530 | Most important renewal of the castle by Heinrich Abraham von Einsiedel |
| 1578 | Haubold von Einsiedel concludes a contract with the vassals of his villages with regard to the corvee they have to carry out. |
| around 1630 | Construction of the Renaisssance portal at the castle's entrance |
| 1919 | The last owner of the Scharfenstein line, Heinrich Karl Feodor Kurt von Einsiedel, sells the castle to Count Kurt Haubold Alexander von Einsiedel of the House of Reibersdorf. |
| 01-02/06/1921 | The castle burns down. |
| 1921-1923 | The castle is rebuilt according to its historical design by the architect Bodo Ebhardt. |
| 22/09/1931 | The Local Court of Wolkenstein auctions off Scharfenstein Castle. |
| 06/10/1931 | The bid of 342.000 Reichsmark made by the factory owner Fritz Eulitz from Grüna is accepted. He owns the castle until it is seized in 1945. |
| 1942-1946 | Collections from the Museum of Zoology, Raciology and Ethnology of Dresden are stored in the castle. |
| 14/02/1945 | Bombings take place but the castle remains intact. |
| 1945 | The castle is seized by the Red Army and all its equipment is confiscated. |
| 1946 | Training centre of the district leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) |
| 1949 | Mining pre-school of Wismut AG |
| 1950 | Special children's home for difficult boys |
| 1967-1993 | Correctional institution for children and teenagers/children's home |
| 01/04/1993 | The Free State of Saxony takes over the administration of the castle (Saxon Palace Administration). Scharfenstein Castle and Augustusburg Palace belong to the same administration authority. |
| 08/04/1995 | A Christmas and Toy Museum, a restaurant and several studios where visitors can watch how handicrafts are made are opened within the castle. |
| 07/10/1998 | Opening of the Karl Stülpner and History of the Castle Museum |